Saturday, March 21, 2020

Space Disasters essays

Space Disasters essays Even with the numerous technological improvements these disasters seem to be inevitable. The cause of the accidents may not be the fault of the technology though. The Columbia crash, for example, should be blamed on the ignorance of the upper-level managers and NASA scientist. They had considered hundreds of problems, literally, that might threaten the crafts safety, but they decided to launch it anyway. There were also many previous damages that the Columbia obtained in its twenty-two years of use, such as snapped pins and broken foam. Individuals within NASA felt that if it caused no problem the first time it must be safe. On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded seventy-three seconds into its flight, killing the seven members aboard, including a teacher. This accident was believed to be caused by, believe it or not, the temperature that day. Due to the cooler temperatures than experienced on previous launches the O-rings, which seal two field joints together, were changed. Scientist said that the two different O-rings were not significantly different. So if NASA would have been patient and delayed the launch of the Challenger to a warmer day the lives of the astronauts, and one very unlucky teacher would not have been needlessly lost. Besides the two more commonly known accidents of the space shuttles Challenger and Columbia, there have been a number of other accidents around the world that have claimed many lives. On March 18, 1980, a Russian spacecraft exploded on the launch pad while being refueled killing fifty. None of the astronauts were killed only the unexpecting engineers and mechanics. Another accident occurred June 1971. This disaster was very mysterious at the time when three astronauts were found dead in the Soyuz II after an automatic landing. Further investigation suggested that the cause of death was loss of pressurization in the shuttle during re-entry into the Earths atmospher ...

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

Andersonville Prison in the Civil War

Andersonville Prison in the Civil War The Andersonville prisoner of war camp, which operated from  February 27, 1864, until the end of the American Civil War  in 1865, was one of the most notorious in U.S. history. Underbuilt, overpopulated, and continuously short on supplies and clean water, it was a nightmare for the nearly 45,000 soldiers who entered its walls. Construction In late 1863, the Confederacy found that it needed to construct additional prisoner of war camps to house captured Union soldiers waiting to be exchanged. As leaders discussed where to place these new camps, former Georgia governor, Major General Howell Cobb stepped forward to suggest the interior of his home state. Citing southern Georgias distance from the front lines, relative immunity to Union cavalry raids, and easy access to railroads, Cobb was able to convince his superiors to build a camp in Sumter County. In November 1863, Captain W. Sidney Winder was dispatched to find a suitable location. Arriving at the tiny village of Andersonville, Winder found what he believed to be an ideal site. Located near the Southwestern Railroad, Andersonville possessed transit access and a good water source. With the location secured, Captain Richard B. Winder (a cousin to Captain W. Sidney Winder) was sent to Andersonville to design and oversee the construction of the prison. Planning a facility for 10,000 prisoners, Winder designed a 16.5-acre rectangular compound that had a stream flowing through the center. Naming the prison Camp Sumter in January 1864, Winder used local slaves to construct the compounds walls. Built of tight-fitting pine logs, the stockade wall presented a solid facade that did not allow the slightest view of the outside world. Access to the stockade was through two large gates set in the west wall. Inside, a light fence was built approximately 19-25 feet from the stockade. This dead line was meant to keep prisoners away from the walls and any caught crossing it was shot immediately. Due to its simple construction, the camp rose quickly and the first prisoners arrived on February 27, 1864.   A Nightmare Ensues While the population at the prison camp steadily grew, it began to balloon after the Fort Pillow  incident on  April 12, 1864, when Confederate forces under Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest massacred black Union soldiers at the Tennessee fort. In response, President Abraham Lincoln demanded that black prisoners of war be treated the same as their white comrades. Confederate President Jefferson Davis refused. As a result, Lincoln and Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant suspended all prisoner exchanges. With the halt of exchanges, POW populations on both sides began to grow rapidly. At Andersonville, the population reached 20,000 by early June, twice the camps intended capacity. With the prison badly overcrowded, its superintendent, Major Henry Wirz, authorized an expansion of the stockade. Using prisoner labor, a 610-ft. addition was built on the prisons north side. Built in two weeks, it was opened to the prisoners on July 1. In an effort to further alleviate the situation, Wirz paroled five men in July and sent them north with a petition signed by the majority of the prisoners asking for POW exchanges to resume.  This request was denied by the Union authorities. Despite this 10-acre expansion, Andersonville remained badly overcrowded with the population peaking at 33,000 in August. Throughout the summer, conditions in the camp continued to deteriorate as the men, exposed to the elements, suffered from malnutrition and diseases such as dysentery. With its water source polluted from the overcrowding, epidemics swept through the prison. The  monthly mortality rate was now around 3,000 prisoners, all of whom were buried in mass graves outside the stockade. Life within Andersonville was made worse by a group of prisoners known as the Raiders, who stole food and valuables from other prisoners. The Raiders were eventually rounded up by a second group known as the Regulators, who put the Raiders on trial and pronounced sentences for the guilty. Punishments ranged from being placed in the stocks to being forced to run the gauntlet. Six were condemned to death and hanged. Between June and October 1864, some relief was offered by Father Peter Whelan, who daily ministered to the prisoners and provided food and other supplies.   Final Days As Major General William T. Shermans troops marched on Atlanta, General John Winder, the head of Confederate POW camps, ordered Major Wirz to construct earthwork defenses around the camp. These turned out to be unnecessary. Following Shermans capture of Atlanta, the majority of the camps prisoners were transferred to a new facility at Millen, GA. In late 1864, with Sherman moving toward Savannah, some of the prisoners were transferred back to Andersonville, raising the prisons population to around 5,000. It remained at this level until the wars end in April 1865. Wirz Executed Andersonville has become synonymous with the trials and atrocities faced by POWs during the Civil War. Of the approximately 45,000 Union soldiers who entered Andersonville, 12,913 died within the prisons walls- 28 percent  of Andersonvilles population and 40 percent of all Union POW deaths during the war. The Union blamed Wirz. In May 1865, the major was arrested and taken to Washington, DC. Charged with a litany of crimes, including conspiring to impair the lives of Union prisoners of war and murder, he faced a military tribunal overseen by Major General Lew Wallace that August. Prosecuted by Norton P. Chipman, the case saw a procession of former prisoners give testimony about their experiences at Andersonville. Among those who testified on Wirzs behalf were Father Whelan and General Robert E. Lee. In early November, Wirz was found guilty of conspiracy as well as 11 of 13 counts of murder. In a controversial decision, Wirz was sentenced to death. Though pleas for clemency were made to President Andrew Johnson, these were denied and Wirz was hanged  on November 10, 1865, at the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, DC. He was one of two individuals tried, convicted, and executed for war crimes during the Civil War, the other being the Confederate guerrilla Champ Ferguson. The site of Andersonville was purchased by the Federal government in 1910 and is now the home of Andersonville National Historic Site.

Monday, February 17, 2020

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Healthcare Program Essay

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Healthcare Program - Essay Example The initial base of finance sprung up from this partnership, which saw the ensuring of approximately thirty thousand people. In the year 1949, a charter got administered to the company for the provision of doctor’s services on the platform of a nonprofit grouping. By the onset of the year, 1955 insurance services had covered a wide span and ensured the uptake of both medical and home insurance services throughout America. After Greenville, BlueCross repositioned to Columbia in the year 1957. On the onset of Medicare, which is a federal insurance service that cares for individuals, suffering various disabilities and senior societal members BlueCross got endorsement nomination by hospitals. The nomination was for the handling of hospital plan in the first phase of the Medicare stipulations. Enactment of Medicare Medicaid in the 1960’s saw the selection of BlueCross and BlueShield by the administration to provide Medicare program. The 1973 Healthcare Maintenance Organizati on Act intensified market competition allowing BlueShield to emphasize more on quality provision and accountability. This led to the improvement of efficiencies on healthcare money expenditure.In the 1970’s the organization premiered new benefits for holding down expenses. Expenses got held down by providing plans that ensured the wellbeing of the customers was improved. In the following year, the two companies merged to become one organization.Gapenski (2003) writes that for the second phase of the Medicare program.

Monday, February 3, 2020

Discuss Freud's theory of the unconscious and give all the examples of Essay

Discuss Freud's theory of the unconscious and give all the examples of Freudian psychodynamic techniques that aim to make the unconscious conscious - Essay Example These unconscious forces represent primitive instinctual drives and ideal person that a person wishes to be. However, human conscious plays a balancing role in the personality. To explain id, one can say that it represents the natural inborn instinctual drives of food, sex and shelter. Id encourages one’s self to go about fulfilling these drives. It is these primitive drives that id encourages person to fulfill these desires. On the other hand, we have another conscious force known as super ego. Super ego represents the ideal person we wish to be in the eyes of other. It therefore encourages a person to be become perfectionist and to always do the socially correct thing. However, this again is not always possible and person needs to balance the id and the super ego. This balancing is provided by the presence of ego. Ego is one’s conscious personality which balances the desires of id and super ego. It is necessary because we can neither fulfill our instinctual drives and needs to look at the time and space and we cannot be perfectionists because we have to make a lot of compromises if to live a successful life. All of the above discussion was about the unconscious personality in humans which Sigmund Freud talked about. In fact he was the founder and was the first one to promulgate this concept. There was no such concept before that and his definition and introduction of human conscious opened the doors for various future psychological research. He believed that actions and behaviors of every human are linked to unconscious and this is linked to development. To further elaborate the concept he introduced new concepts of ego, superego and id which are discussed above. He named his approach as psychoanalytic approach. The major problem for the psychologists following this approach and for Sigmund Freud himself was how to unearth this unconscious of human beings. According to Freud, since human beings themselves are not aware about

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Health and Safety Management in Beauty Salons

Health and Safety Management in Beauty Salons Outcome 1 Be able to implement health, safety and security practices in the salon 1. What is a risk assessment? A risk assessment is the process whereby the employer identifies hazards in the workplace and analyses their potential risk in an effort to determine or control the hazard. The employer must inspect the layout of the salon and the work activities undertaken by the staff in order to evaluate the potential risk of harm, accidents, or illness. Risk assessments in the workplace are governed primarily by a tripartite of laws. They are: The Health Safety at Work Act 1974 The Workplace (Health Safety Welfare Regulations) 1992 The Management of Health Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Given these laws, employers are responsible for the protection and safeguard the welfare of the staff working at the salon and members of the public that visit the salon. It is also the employer’s responsibility to notify the staff and visiting public of potential health and safety risks. A risk assessment identifies a potential hazard, identifies who might be harmed and how, determines the protection in place, evaluates the likelihood and severity of its outcome (typically on a scale of 1-5), and stipulates the risk rating (typically on a scale of 1-25). In the salon, for example, one potential risk is the damage and harm that could arise to both the clients and members of staff while operating Laser and IPL Equipment. By conducting a risk assessment before anyone operates the equipment, the risk can be reduced, even if it cannot be completely eliminated. Normally the owner or a member of management, or even an outside company, would do a round of the premises and conduct the risk assessment before any staff or clients are allowed to engage with the workplace. A risk assessment, simply put, is a set of preemptive and calculated measures with the goal or reducing or elimating risks and hazards in the workplace. One may determine whether a hazard poses a serious risk by looking at past experience with the hazard, industry codes of best practice, information from respected organisations, testing results, information about products involved, and legislated requirements. The risks are rated after factoring in the amount of staff and clients exposed to the risk, the severity of the risk, frequency of exposure to the risk, and the probability of the risk. Methods of hazard control include elimination, substitution, protective equipment, and imposed controls. All hazards in the workplace should be consistently monitored and reviewed and controls should be implemented based on the findings. 2. What are the reasons for a risk assessment? The primary reason for a risk assessment is to remove hazards, or reduce their risk, from the workplace by adding precautions in order to create a healthier and safer environment for staff, customers, and visitors. Risk assessments are an essential facet of a good health and safety management plan in the workplace. Risk assessments help in the following areas: Create hazard and risk awareness Identify individuals at risk (staff, clients, public, etc.) Create priorities for controlling hazards Prevent injury or illness In a legal sense, the risk assessment is important because accidents at work can be considered criminal negligence on the part of the employer as of the Health Safety at Work Act 1974. Criminal proceedings can be brought against the employer if someone is injured in their workplace. Further to this, the onus of proof is on the employer if an accident is to occur on their premises. An accident in and of itself will be considered proof of negligence in court and it is up to the employer to provide refuting evidence. Given these legal considerations, the employer must draw up a risk assessment and make employees aware of it. The risk assessment is important because it can remove hazards and risks before they affect someone, resulting in lengthy legal proceedings for the employer. It will help the salon manager to look at existing practices undertaken and to identify shortfalls and present potential hazards. In relation to IPL and Laser Class 4 and Class 3b, lasers can cause damage, perhaps even permanent damage, to the eyes of both the client and member of staff. This damage can be caused by looking directly at the beam or the reflection of the beam through bounce back. Laser beams can cause any of the damage listed below: Burn the skin Ignite flammable materials Heat up fabrics and material that can release gases, debris, or hazardous fumes. Indirect hazards could include forms of radiation, gas leakage, and electric shock. There are many other associated hazards of the laser (including smoke/vapor, chemical, mechanical, and electrical), which would require a risk assessment. By carrying out a risk assessment, and evaluating the potential hazards attached to this type of equipment, it will help the owner or manager to put safety measures and controls into the salon workplace. 3/How effective is a risk assessment In order to analyze how effective a risk assessment has been you would need to measure the outcomes. The risk assessment, in theory, needs to be put into practice for it to be effective. Staff must be aware of any changes immediately. Once the risk assessment has been implemented, the new practices require measuring in order to be managed and the efficacy to be observed. The risk assessment can serve as a set of goals and practices to put in place. Once they are put in place, the employer should outline a set of Key Performance Indicators, which will inform one of whether the measures and controls in place have been met. A simple method of measurement would be that the number of incidents recorded in the accident record book declines. The risk assessment is most effective when every person involved in the workplace is made aware of the hazards, risks, and risk assessment. Employers, employees, and clients must all be aware of their roles in protecting their own and other’s health and safety. An effective risk assessment communicates the needs required of each individual in a clear and easy to understand manner. The effectiveness of the risk assessment can be improved with increased commitment from all people in the workforce, particularly those in senior management. Employers should have good social and communication skills and foster a sense of teamwork in the workplace. The following are some questions that could arise from a well thought out plan: Are there any hazards that have not yet been recognised in the workplace? Is it possible to get rid of hazards totally from the work place? Can the damage be reduced having identified the hazards? In order to protect the staff are the existing health and safety precautions adequate? Without increasing costs can the standard of protection required be achieved? Have alternative cost effective ways of achieving the same standard of protection been exhausted? Have individual members of staff been approached in respect of their thoughts on the risk they face and do they understand why the preventive measures have been put in place? Is the risk assessment process being followed in the salon and are the duties of staff to report these? 4. Why is it important to have health, safety and security practises in place? It is important to have these practices in place because the law requires the salon to be a safe environment for staff, clients, and visitors. If one fails to comply, one could face prosecution by an individual or company. It is important to have health and safety and security in order to protect the physical, mental, and social well being of all concerned. In short, no workers should have to work in an environment where their health, safety, or welfare is at risk. A salon that has these practices in place will be more resistant to adverse legal action and will be viewed favourably by the public. If the salon looks after its employees, they are more likely to look after the salon in return. Employers who feel valued and cared for will benefit their company in the following ways: Staff morale is good; workers are motivated Efficiency is greater; motivation leads to productivity Production increases Staff turnover is less (retention is improved) Insurance premiums are lower The employer is compliant with the law Reduction in number of absences due to illness or injury The company’s reputation is protected The following are the disadvantages for not having Health and Safety and security practices in place: Accidents, in relation to IPL/Laser this could mean burns or eye damage Lost wages Medical treatment Damage to equipment and stock Legal penalties Loss of reputation Difficulty recruiting staff Loss of staff Loss of profits In summation, it makes good business sense to look after the health and safety and security procedures in the salon. 5. What types of health and safety and security practices would be used in a salon? There are many laws that govern the different types of health and safety and security practises used in a salon and the below list could fall under any of them: Adequate toilet facilities and rest room facilities in the salon Safe and healthy equipment that have been tested and appropriately labelled Fire doors clearly marked and staff being made aware of fire regulations and evacuation procedures of the salon (annual risk assessment to be carried out by employees); fire extinguishers and fire blankets are to be kept unobstructed and in constant working condition Obstructions must be clearly marked in order to prevent slips, trips, and falls Records to be kept in the form of a log record book Service Maintenance and yearly checks on fire extinguishers Accident book and recording of any incidents Laser fault log Workers engaged with computer work are to be given periodical breaks and variations in activity, including breaks that encourage stretching, posture changes, and exercise Regular reviews of chemicals and substances used in salon Store all hazardous chemicals in the appropriate manner Yearly electrical/PAT testing of all equipment (staff to be aware and trained in the handling procedures of electrical equipment) Training and ongoing support provided to the staff for the use of equipment and the appropriate qualification before handling Staff to report hazards or incidents to a member of management Workers are not to work alone for long periods of time; at least one other worker must be present for long stretches of time No Smoking rules adhered to Gas safety checks by a registered corgi engineer First Aid Box and first aid training for the staff Client’s records and medical information kept up to date and kept secure and confidential; records not kept longer than necessary Waste is labelled correctly and disposed of correctly via the appropriate waste collection agencies. Staff trained not to carry anything in excess of 25kg and have waist high storage to avoid injury Employees and clients are to be made aware that anti-social behaviour will not be tolerated; police and authorities will be called in the event of any aggressive behaviour and prosecutions will be made; a behavioural contract is to be signed Provide adequate training to staff The salon to be registered with the appropriate local authority for the special treatment licence Sanitize, sterilize, and disinfect equipment daily The salon is to have adequate insurances in place Know the list of Bye Laws for their local area. All employees to have the appropriate employment contracts and be on at least the national minimum wage Assessment of Noise levels within the salon; no loud music; talking is to be kept to sociable volume Health and safety documentation to be read by all members of staff Equal Opportunities with regards to race gender and sexuality Retail products sold that are reliable and dependable. If the salon has a laser /IPL Laser: protection advisor to be put in place and Laser protection supervisor Appropriate eye wear for the laser machines; approved wording on areas of signs and equipment; appropriate training for the laser machines Yearly audit which will cover training records, local rules, and electrical safety checks The following are the counter measures to be put into place The project area will be surveyed on a monthly basis for security and safety. This includes the formal examination of all electrical sockets and fire exits must be kept clear from obstruction and clearly marked. The staff will be made aware of the conduct with which they are expected to conduct themselves. They will be aware of their roles in their own personal health and safety and that of the salon, clients, and other staff members. Any employee not complying with the rules will be warned or removed from the environment depending on the severity of their rule breaking. Minor transgressions will pass with a warning. Serious infractions will require removal. The following risk assessments are to be carried out: General Risk Assessment Fire Risk Assessment COSHH Risk Assessment Expectant Mother Risk Assessment Laser risk assessment. 6. Justify the proposals and recommendations for health, safety, and security practices. E.g. Data protection act All the laws are in place in order to protect the employer and employee of the salon as well as its customers. For example, under the Data Protection Act of 1998, employees must collect adequate information, including any medical condition, employment history, convictions, and credit history, from the first visit. This information needs to be kept up to date and no longer than necessary. It must be kept safe and secure and confidential. The main justification for implementation of the Data Protection Act of 1998 is that it will minimize the risk of hazards in the workplace. Background information is important for removing risk preemptively. Further to this, it is important to have non-discrimination procedures in place. This will ensure that all employees and clients are treated the same, regardless of their gender, race, age, relationship status, or any other factor that does not need to be taken into account in relation to the position. One such non-discrimination policy that must be adhered to is the Equal Opportunity Act of 2010. Given the salon’s presence in the public care sector, it is important to follow The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations of 1998. This is important because following this regulation will determine whether an individual is correct for the job and dictates that employees must be correctly trained and the equipment is maintained. The salon must also be in accordance with the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations of 1998. This accordance will determine that individuals lift and handle equipment correctly and safely and are supplied with the knowledge to do so. 7. Why is it important to follow and comply with the legislation and regulations relating to health, safety, and security practices? It is important to comply with legislation and regulations relating to health, safety, and security practices, for the following reasons: It is a legal requirement by law as well as an integral part of the salon’s practice and policy It protects the salon from legal action or legal claims and possible business closure. It protects the staff and others within the premises and creates a better working environment. It is important because it provides a happier workforce and avoids accidents Regular reviews avoid staff complacency It will reduce staff absence It is an insurance policy requirement It promotes a healthy business 8. How would you manage improvements to increase compliance with health, safety and security practices? The following improvements would increase compliance: Ensure that the staff of the salon have read the health and safety policy of the salon Regular risk assessments that include the laser/IPL Machine Do the necessary yearly checks required by law Ensure the continuous professional development of the staff and provide training if necessary; record all training undertaken Ensure that all the members of staff are aware of their job roles by giving them job descriptions and conducting yearly staff appraisals Keep up to date with changes in the law and local authority Check insurance policies to ensure any new treatments being offered are covered 9. Why is it important to be regularly evaluating health, safety and security practices in the salon? It is important to evaluate health and safety and security practices in the salon because it is a legal requirement and an insurance requirement. For example, under the Data Protection Act of 1998, it is important to ensure customer data is kept up to date and for longer than necessary by regularly reviewing that you are complying with this law. Annual testing of electrical equipment ensures the safety of the equipment and in order to comply with the Electricity at Work Regulations of 1989. Regular risk assessment provides a hazard free and safe environment. Disposing of waste correctly ensures that the Environmental Protection Act is being followed. Regular staff and client feedback allows the salon owner to make the recommended changes. Training records are kept up to date. It is important so that records can be maintained for comparisons. Methods of evaluation could be regular risk assessments including laser equipment, staff appraisals, and audit checks (with LPA to do a yearly audit). If one does not regularly review and monitor the health, safety, and security practices in the salon, one will not know whether or not the risk assessment is complete and accurate. New risks and hazards continuously present themselves. Risks that may have begun as a low priority and low likelihood may jump up the ranks and suddenly become one of high likelihood and severity. Regular evaluation does not need to be limited only to a set date (e.g. monthly or yearly) but rather can be prompted by the occurrence of certain events. These can include: Beginning a new project A change in work environment A change in work process Addition to machinery and tools New employees Moving to a new work environment Employees taking on new skills and responsibilities New chemicals or substances New information

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Mexican View Point on the War with the United States

A Mexican View Point on the War With the United States Introduction Jesus Velasco-Marquez wrote â€Å"A Mexican View Point on the War With the United States† sometime around 1991. He wrote to share how the Mexicans felt about the U. S-Mexican War. Mexico was only reacting to the United States government taking what was rightfully theirs. Body The U. S- Mexican War has two very different stories depending on whom you ask. The war officially started when the president of the United States at the time (James K. Polk) sent troops to the region between Rio Grande and Nueces River, Texans believed that its border was the Rio Grande.Mexicans did not acknowledge the Rio Grande as the border; they believed it was the Nueces River. The troops thought they were on Texan soil. Mexicans thought that the Americans had invaded their soil. So Mexican troops attacked The American troops, which gives birth to the widely conceived rumor of the Mexicans killed Americans on American territory. Jes us thought it was important to point out that this was not entirely true because the land was rightfully the Mexicans and they truly believed they were just defending their land.It was important to him to tell how the Mexicans were not just attacking American soldiers in cold blood. Even though there was a peace treaty wrote up before the fighting began Mexico did not consider it much of a compromise. They would lose all of Texas, Oregon and California. From the Mexican view point it looked like that had no choice but to fight the matter out. If they did not stand up for themselves they would look like a weak country. It seemed to them that the Americans were not treating them fairly. So, they started taking action. Which ended in an all out war.Marquez wrote his article with many valid points concerning the war and the Mexican viewpoint. I believe that it was a little hard to understand. Although it did have all the points well organized. One thing that Jesus thought was important to learn from his article was Mexico was simply defending its national security. Also he thought it was important to let the reader know that Mexico was not being arrogant, just responding to the American governments actions. He wanted others to know that the Mexican government was somewhat unstable at the time.If any leader tried to come to an agreement with the Americans and someone else didn’t like that decision that person would be overthrown. â€Å"Most people in Mexico believed the use of arms was the only option available to defend their rights and territorial integrity. † I think that this is an important quote from the text. It shows the view of most Mexicans at the time. They were not being irresponsible by fighting but just standing up for what they believed was right. In the American Pageant the Mexican-American War is mentioned in chapter 17.One subtitle is Misunderstandings with Mexico; the war is described as a result of the president’s want for m anifest destiny. Another subtitle describing the war is American Blood on American (? ) Soil, which describes the confusion there was over the Rio Grande River and Nuece River being boundaries. /the page numbers are 368-373. Conclusion Before reading Jesus Velasco-Marquez article I knew nothing of the Mexican-American War. After reading the article I am much more informed about the war in general. Also I know have a greater understanding of the challengers the Mexicans faced during this war.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

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