Losing Matt Shepard Analysis free essay sample

Similarly, Jon Krakauer retraces the story of a young man named Chris McCandless who died in the Alaskan wilderness in his piece â€Å"Into the Wild. † The death of a person can become gradually more complex based on if it was natural, accidental or murder, if it was sudden, or slow, or if it was intentional. These are things that are easy to tell people, but make a big difference in the story. When writing or reading about a person’s death there are certain limits one comes across where it becomes very complicated to get the right story across. There is a great deal of limitation in writing about a person’s death because it is challenging to get all the correct details. Communicating the story of someone’s death can be complicated because many people lack the experiences to understand the events one goes through before dying and the true story often gets obscured by a shroud of drivel. We will write a custom essay sample on Losing Matt Shepard Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The problem in assembling all of the facts and details regarding someone’s death lies in the fact that the only person who truly knows all of them is the person who died. The person who died had the best perspective and knew everything that was going on. No one else knows the pain the deceased was experiencing or what was going through his head. Many questions can arise pertaining to how the person ended up in the situation which led to his death. In Matt Shepard’s case, one might question the story behind his homosexuality. It is hard to actually know what caused him to openly share that he was gay, if he expected harsh harassment for it, or if he regretted it. Only Matt can know the full extent of just how horrible the ordeal was for him. In the case of a murder, however, there is a second party who can be questioned for additional information. The problem is that the culprit is not always willing to tell their story, or they will not tell the truth. Never the less, there is still a second set of information available. For example, Russell Henderson and Aaron McKinney probably had their own story as to why they chose to assault Matt Shepard. The facts become even more challenging when there are no witnesses or any other party who know what happened. When a person dies alone, there is no one else who knows what went on. Take for example Chris McCandless. He was alone out in the Alaskan wilderness for several months. Nobody knew exactly where he was; let alone what he went through. The closest contact he had was a driver named Gaylord Stuckey who gave him a ride to Fairbanks. He told Stuckey his tentative plans and how he did not even know where he was going. Before saying goodbye, Stuckey â€Å"begged and pleaded with him to call his parents† (Krakauer 346). After that the only form of information there is regarding the events leading up to his death is the journal he was keeping in the back of a book. Where his journal cuts out, nobody can really know what was going on, and this leaves a lot of questions open for discussion. It is impossible to know for certain some of the little things like what his thoughts were, how he had planned for his adventure to turn out, or what ideas he had been contemplating. â€Å"He said it was something he’d wanted to do since he was little,† but one might assume he had not been planning it since he was little (Krakauer 346). Chris was the only person who knew how much thought he had put into his trip or what went on during the gaps in his journal. The rest of society is forced to try and fill in the gaps with what scarce information they have. The most intriguing, and challenging to understand, aspect of a person’s death is his final thoughts. That is one bit of information that is impossible for someone to find out no matter how he researches. A person’s final thoughts are the most complex because they are the accumulation of all of one’s life and decisions. One can only wonder what regrets the deceased came up with or what they might have wanted to do differently. The little details are often the most challenging to gather, and even when they are gathered they can still be difficult to understand. The experiences one goes through in life can be hard for another to understand if they have never been through a similar experience. A challenge arises for writers to try to comprehend what the deceased experienced in life, and then to convey it so their readers can understand it as well. Even if immense description is provided, a reader might still not be able to imagine what a certain experience is like. For example, Matt Shepard was â€Å"viciously and repeatedly [beaten] with a . 357 Magnum† (Loffreda 368). One can try and imagine how painful that would be, but unless it happens to the reader, he cannot know what it is like. Chris McCandless had to make his own fire, catch his food, sleep in the freezing cold, and starve. Most Americans have never had to gather their own wood and build a fire from scratch lighting it with a single match; they are used to just turning on the gas to their fireplace and hitting the ignition switch. Most readers will never know just how great of a struggle that can be. The average person in this country has been hungry after missing breakfast and lunch on a busy day, but most have never had to survive off of eating a squirrel every couple days. Most readers do not have these types of experiences and cannot truly appreciate just how hard it was for him. It is extremely difficult to represent these complex attributes of death. These aspects of death are the most challenging for a writer to convey and a reader to analyze. Without having the particular experience in one’s life to compare the tragedies to, a reader is incapable of grasping the stronger parts of a story. When readers and writers cannot properly interpret the events surrounding someone’s death, aspects of the true story are lost. The less an individual actually knows about an event, the more they have to fill in. Gradually the story becomes diluted, and it eventually loses its initial purpose. The story of someone’s death is like a cup of water. Every time someone embellishes the story with a little something of their own it is like adding a drop of color to the glass. One change does not make a big difference, but if enough people add their own facts or purpose to the original, you end up with something completely different and a cup of dark red water. In Matt’s town or Laramie, reporters hounded the police and Matt’s family for information, and when they did not get it, they made it up, or they warped facts. They ended up completely changing the story into a gruesome scene from a Hitchcock movie. Reporters said he had been â€Å"tied like a scarecrow† and â€Å"strung up in something akin to a crucifixion† (Loffreda 370, 371). Matt’s death also rallied a cause toward protective rights for homosexuals. One young man named Walt Boulden â€Å"was not shy about seizing the attack as a political opportunity, linking the assault to the Wyomong legislature’s failure to pass a hate crimes bill† (Loffreda 371). People from all over gathered, went to Matt’s funeral, and protested Washington for the cause. By the end, all the actions in Laramie no longer were for Matt. People did not care about Matt; they only cared about the cause and being a part of something. One student brought up the interesting point that â€Å"a lot of those people†¦if they had known that Matt was gay while he was alive, would have spit on him. But now it was a cause† (Loffreda 377). Matt’s story had been pushed out of site and lost. In the case of Chris McCandless, it was not so much the media, or a cause that covered the sorrow for his death, but it was the avid Alaskan adventurers who criticized Chris’s methods and actions. They tore apart everything he did during his journey and pointed out every little mistake he made. Many of them blamed Chris entirely for his death saying that he deserved it for going out there so ill-prepared. What many of them did not seem to appreciate was how skilled he was compared to the average person in America. Earlier in his life Chris had in fact â€Å"subsided for more than a month beside the Gulf of California on five pounds of rice and a bounty of fish caught with a cheap rod and reel† (Krakauer 348). Most Americans probably would not have lasted a week in the Alaskan wilderness. Chris managed to survive for several months off of practically nothing. Native Alaskan Roman Dial said himself: I admire what he was trying to do. Living completely off the land like that, month after month, is incredibly difficult. I’ve never done it. And I’d bet that very few, if any, of the people who call McCandless incompetent have ever done it either, not for more than a week or two. Living in the interior bush for an extended period, subsisting on nothing except what you hunt and gather most people have no idea how hard that actually is. And McCandless almost pulled it off. (Krakauer 364) People got so wrapped up in criticizing him that they lost their sorrow for the fact that it was a tragic, unexpected, accident. The true nature of it being a sad occurrence was lost because of Alaskans scornful criticism. When pondering the death of a person, people often have a great struggle in properly comprehending it. Facts become fiction and comprehension becomes confusion when trying to represent the complexities of a death. Gathering all of the information pertaining to a person’s death can be next to impossible. Many of the facts are only known by the person who died, the people who know something do not always want to chare it, and a lot of false information comes up. It is difficult to understand what the deceased went through unless one has been through it as well. If one has not been through the same experience, he cannot truly understand just how hard it was for the deceased to go through it, and cannot adequately understand their death. The factual nature of the person’s death can be drowned out with lies and made up information. The deceased’s real story becomes just a fragment in a sea of scrap. The real sorrow for a person can be displaced by cruel remarks others or covered over by bewildered calls to action. Understanding and conveying the story of someone’s death is hindered to the point of impossibility by the immense complexities surrounding the person’s death.

Kathryns Stocketts The Help and 1960s Feminism

Kathryns Stocketts The Help and 1960s Feminism The Help is set in Mississippi during the early 1960s, when the groundswell of feminisms second wave was still building. Kathryn Stocketts novel revolves around events in 1962-1963, before the womens liberation movement, before Betty Friedan and other feminist leaders founded the National Organization for Women, before the media invented the myth of bra-burning. Although The Help is an imperfect depiction of the 1960s and the author stifles the budding feminism of some of her characters, the novel does touch on many issues that were relevant to 1960s feminism.   Issues Worth Exploring Skeeters Rebelliousness/IndependenceA hint of feminism in The Help may be most evident in post-college Skeeter, the young woman who questions restrictions placed on her by societys traditions. Her Southern socialite best friends have conformed to expectations by marrying, having children (or trying to) and even questioning why Skeeter stayed four years at Ole Miss to finish her degree, while they were dropping out of school. Skeeter is still trapped and still trying to fit in, but her inability to do so is partly due to her discomfort with the myth of femininity she is expected to live. White Women and Women of ColorThe so-called second wave of feminism is often criticized for being too white. Betty Friedans classic The Feminine Mystique and other 1960s feminism accomplishments often came from a limited, white, middle-class point of view. Similar criticisms have been applied to The Help. This is partly because it is written by a white author who narrates in the black voices of Minny and Aibileen, and partly because of the way white voices in the U.S. continually tell the story of the Civil Rights Movement from a limited point of view. Many critics have questioned Kathryn Stocketts ability to speak for the help. Although the story is about white and black women working together, it is difficult and even dangerous for them to do so. The Help reminds readers that some 1960s feminists were perceived as busily organizing, protesting and advocating without bringing women from other races to the table. Women and Civil RightsWhich comes first for African-American women, civil rights as blacks or liberation as women? This theme was explored by many black feminist activists, with some theorists responding that it is clearly an unfair question. The either/or dichotomy is part of the problem. No woman should be asked to give up any part of her sense of self. SisterhoodThe term sisterhood became a theme and rallying cry of feminism in the 1960s and 1970s. Use of the word was criticized by some, in part because of the racist and classist assumptions ascribed to white womens liberation activists who used the word. The Help emphasizes the solidarity of women in many different situations, often crossing racial boundaries. MarriageDespite her independent streak, Skeeter feels the pressure to marry, and nearly does so even when both emotional and logical signs point toward no. The marriages of various characters in the book - Skeeters parents, her friends, Aibileen, Minny, Stuarts parents, Celia Foote - are nearly all presented with problems that are intertwined with gender power dynamics. Domestic ViolenceMinny faces abuse from her husband Leroy with some degree of resignation. However, author Kathryn Stockett does seem at times to approach it with an ironic awareness of the public attention that would soon come to the issue of domestic violence. Feminist organizations such as NOW addressed domestic violence as one of their priority issues. Women in PublishingElaine Stein, the editor from New York who helps Skeeter, freely states that she will help because she recognizes the need for a woman to have a mentor, a connection or some kind of in to the male-dominated publishing industry. Economics, Maids and the Pink-Collar GhettoAfrican-American women depicted in The Help had to earn a living as maids in white families homes. Few other opportunities were available to them - very few. Feminists of the 1960s are often remembered for getting women out of the home. The truth is, many women did work outside of the home already, but one of the chief concerns of feminists was that women were relegated to lower paying jobs of less prestige with less advancement opportunity and less satisfaction. The term pink-collar refers to the traditional, lower-paid womens jobs. Empowering the Help: How the Personal Is PoliticalThe books main plot is about women telling their stories in a society that has long refused to hear their voices. Whether or not the novel is flawed or the author can properly speak for African-American maids, the idea of women speaking their truth as a path to greater social enlightenment is considered the backbone of feminism.

4 Questions That Will Make You Rage Quit

4 Questions That Will Make You Rage Quit You’ve had it. You can’t face another day at that office with those people. Maybe it’s not as clear-cut as wanting to strangle your boss or disagreeing with your company’s mission. Maybe you just feel bored,  or stressed, or  unhappy (or all 3!) without really pinpointing why.   Here are four questions  you should ask yourself when deciding if it’s time to cut bait and look for a new job.1. Is my work appreciated?What do you mean I need to work harder, I just missed Christmas Eve with my family to work on that report!Morale drops when employees feel like their work is not appreciated by the powers-that-be. A recent Gallup study of employee engagement (defined as feeling invested in your  job) showed that in 2014, less than one-third of people polled said they were â€Å"engaged† in their regular job. That’s up slightly from years past, but still- that’s an awful lot of people who don’t feel appreciated and motiv ated in their current roles.Many companies are trying to stem this by offering special employee appreciation events or give  bonuses/rewards for excellent work. However, if your boss doesn’t seem to notice or care that you’re working like crazy to support the company’s bottom line, take your skills and experience where they’ll be valued.2. What the heck am I doing here?I’d rather be doing literally anything else–even fighting bears.Purpose is a key motivator of workplace happiness and productivity. If you know your company’s goals and your role in moving those forward, chances are you’ll feel a focused connection to your day-to-day work. However, when those   goals get vague, it can be easy to get caught in a feedback loop of coasting.If you find yourself checking Instagram more than your work email, the culprit could be a lack of direction. The first step should be working with your manager to define priorities and goals- but if you do this and you still feel like most of your day is spent drifting through time-filler tasks and pointless meetings, it might just be time to move on.3. Am I Stuck in the Middle of Nowhere?I have no idea what I’m doing.It can be so demoralizing to realize you don’t have the tools and resources available to do a great job. Maybe your company is in a financial crunch and can’t hire new people. Perhaps your manager just doesn’t have the time or desire  to explain what needs to be done.I’ve worked in places where everyone is so caught up  in their own endless to-do lists that no one has the time to sit down and effectively plan, execute, and support a project that needed to be finished†¦ a week ago. Chances are, it’s not your fault- but it can feel like it’s on you to fix.Once you’re in a defensive crouch and feeling overwhelmed, it can be really difficult to a) evaluate the situation objectively, and b) ask for the resources you need. If you reach that point and you don’t see your workplace offering any solutions beyond a shrug and a â€Å"get it done,† then it’s definitely time to re-evaluate your future there.4. Is it all about the Benjamins?Not sure if I’m here because the money is good or if I’m here because some money is better than nothing.You’ve probably thought, â€Å"They don’t pay me enough to do this† during one frustrating moment or another. Or maybe you envy people skipping out to enjoy expensive lunches while you eat a PBJ at your desk. It’s always going to be tempting to go find a job that will pay you more than you make now, but it’s also a legitimate reason to be dissatisfied- and ultimately move on to another job.Let’s face it: a fairy godmother is not likely to pop into your life and offer you double your salary for the same job; but if you start to feel like you really are being undervalued in pay and/or benefits, then start looking around.  Ask yourself: What salary do people in roles similar to yours make in other companies? Have you made contributions to your team or company that might merit a raise, but have gone unrewarded? If you have reasonable pay expectations and your manager or company is unable (or unwilling) to accommodate that, then you should start thinking about your options.If you identify with any of these (or, goodness forbid, all), then it’s probably time to start putting out feelers in your network, and brushing up that resume. You deserve better!On mobile? Sign in here to view your job matches.

PRODUCT RECALL AND BRAND STRATEGY A Case Study on Toyota Corporation Essay

PRODUCT RECALL AND BRAND STRATEGY A Case Study on Toyota Corporation - Essay Example mmand a healthy following, the company has however concentrated its efforts in marketing the principal brand which is Toyota and its sub-brands (Daye & Van Auken, 2010). Until the product recalls, Toyota’s brand architecture hinged primarily on the Toyota name. It is typical for Japanese companies to focus their business and marketing efforts on a single corporate brand (Daye & Van Auken, 2010). This strategy has obvious advantages, such as the development of a strong culture around the master-brand and therefore making their marketing efforts more efficient (Thomson, 2010). It has strong implications in its production approach also, because the single brand allowed the firm to lessen the number of components it needed. Toyota’s sub-brands shared a large number of common parts, reducing design efforts and concentrating production on these shared components. â€Å"Compare this approach with US rival GM, which, until recently, was operating a house of brands structure with 11 distinct marques, and the reason for much of Toyotas success and GMs decline, becomes apparent† Daye & Auken, 2010). While there are obvious strengths, there is one glaring weakness in the brand focus strategy. Negative publicity which may attach for any reason to the master brand is going to affect not only all its existing sub-brands at the moment of the controversy, but also all future sub-brands still to be designed. It appears that this is the reason why Toyota’s strategy for 2011 and the near future is to shift global marketing emphasis to its Lexus brand (Toyota Annual Report for 2011, p. 11). The executive report also places emphasis on quality and safety as its two major parameters. Hence, the company strives to bring constant development in its operational and management process. Toyota’s production system â€Å"is steeped in the philosophy of ‘the complete elimination of all waste’ imbuing all aspects of production in pursuit of the most efficient methods† (Toyota

Terrorists and internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Terrorists and internet - Essay Example By creating web pages or blogs on internet and fan pages on social networking websites, they can promote their hateful notions. This creates a negative impact on the young minds as they may be lured towards their ideology .Secondly internet is a huge source of information with most of it easily available and accessible. This information includes maps of important locations like airports, and secret government documents that can be hacked from a government website. This information can then be used to plan out an attack on important sites to destabilize the country. Furthermore, internet connects the members of the terrorist organizations around the world; hence terrorists use it as a medium of planning and coordination. With the encrypted messaging system and the multitude of internet users, it is extremely hard to spot their activity and internet therefore becomes the safest means of communication for them (Weimann, 2005). The use of internet by terrorists has increased so much that it poses a threat to security of people and the country. Even though it is the right of people to have privacy in their communication, they should be cooperative and support the government in their actions of monitoring the cyber space because ultimately it is for the greater good of the society (Ingram, 2001) Works Cited Ingram, M. (2001, September 24). Internet privacy threatened following terrorist attacks on US.

Terrorism Definition Essay Example for Free

Terrorism Definition Essay â€Å"Terror or terrorism is one of the oldest disasters on the earth. It can be said that this system named terrorism is, for the centuries, here on this earth. But there have always been differences to define it. If you talk from the side of terrorists, you can hear different reasons of terrorism from every affected area of terrorism. If not going deep into, it can be understood, the affected victims of the society call it terrorism what the terrorists indulged in terrorism call it crusade, revenge or an offensive action to oppose. The worldwide terrorism has different reasons in different parts of the world. Somewhere the terrorism is to get freedom or somewhere to get sovereignty. At same place, these activities are being carried out to free the region from the opponents. At some places the basic reason of terrorism is poverty, starvation unemployment. But at international level, the media mostly talks of, that is so said the Islamic terrorism.† http://www.irfi.org/articles2/articles_2851_2900/American%20Target%20-%20Terrorism%20or%20Islam.HTM. â€Å"There were terrorist activities even before the 9/11 terrorist attack on America. But the form of terrorism was different from the form of terrorism prevalent now-a-days. Before 9/11, America was known as the spectator of so said Islamic terrorism or at some places it was known that it worked as a helper to organize it. But the event of 9/11 forced America to think that even America can fall victim to own pet snake. So on this day, American President Bush declared to start a worldwide war against terrorism. After the event of 9/11, America took a vow to uproot the tree of terrorism from the world. Most of the Muslim countries of the world strongly oppose the thought of strong religionist terrorism call it anti-Islamic. These Muslim countries openly favored America against terrorism after 9/11. Even the terrorists accused the rulers of these Muslim countries, who opposed terrorism, as anti-Islamic or Pro-American.

Greco-Roman Influence in Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay

Greco-Roman Influence in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra    Greco-Roman mythological images seem to dominate Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. Ever since the humanist revolution started, Renaissance writers, including Shakespeare, systematically tried to revive Greek literature and Greek mythology. It was an attempt to establish an alternative authority to Catholic scholastic dogma that has the stamp of antiquity.    Shakespeare's knowledge of mythology was almost exclusively Roman, especially in relation to love and war. As a matter of truth, the Romans did not have created gods of their own, because '' They were a people of deep religious feeling, but they had little imagination.''   In fact, the influence of Greek art and literature were powerful in Rome. Thus, they adopted Greek gods, and the Greek mythological figures turned into Roman mythological figures to suit their society. For example, Ares, who is the Geek deity of war, turned into Mars, the Roman god of war. ''The Roman liked Mars better than the Greeks liked Ares,''   because Ares was not a typical deity of war, so Mars became the embodiment of military virtues and the defender of Rome.    In fact, a thorough understanding of the mythological figures and images in Antony and Cleopatra like Phoebus, Furies, Venus, Mars, Hercules and Bacchus, can be the best guideline to a perceptive interpretation of the play. These mythological figures can be mirrors which reflect the nature of a specific character or the culture of a society. Therefore, the function of these myths is very important in Antony and Cleopatra being one of the ways to approach the play.    The values and culture of the Egyptian societ... ...while once she seems to help him in putting his armor on. Hence, Cleopatra gives him the spiritual support when he goes to war.    Obviously, the previous mythological figures are not accidentally mentioned in the play. They are another source which enables the reader to understand the characters and the cultures of Rome and Egypt in   Antony and Cleopatra. Therefore, these myths are very important in an indirect approach to the play.    Bibliography Hamilton, Edith. Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods   and Heroes. New York: Warner Books, 1969. Miles, Geoffrey. Ed., ''A Rough Guide to the Gods''and ''A Mythical History of the World,''  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Classical Mythology in English Literature: A Critical Anthology. London: Routledge, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Antony and Cleopatra. London: Longman, 1981.

Positive and Negative emotions Essay

  There are a few benefits associated with experiencing a positive emotion theory. Typically, when you are having a positive emotion you see things on the up side rather than a negative outlook. For instance, people always feel good or continue to think positive if they are getting good grades in school. I, myself is very eager to sustain a positive emotion when my grades are above average and I am getting positive feedback from the instructor saying that I am on a great path in that class. This emotion will help promote a positive well-being. Another benefit associated with experiencing positive emotion is positive effect. With this warrants joy, happiness, and positive fulfillment. These emotions create a desire to search for new possibilities as well expressing your creative talents. Me personally, women are more emotional creatures. We sometimes can get in our feeling, rather the emotion is positive or negative. We are sensitive, shy, and reluctant at times, versus men who tend to keep their emotions in check. I feel men are the lessor emotionally engaging of the two. Most of the time men are more positive about certain situation unlike women, we can find negativity in a plain paper bag. When comes to the raising of children, men are more apt to being positive. I say that because I can be all up in my emotions dealing with our son and my husband (almost with a blank stare on his face) will say he is a boy let him get bumps and bruises that will toughen him up. Despite what he says I am still a nervous wreck when may fall or hurt himself. So, I think there is a big gap in how men and women differ in negative emotions.

Library System Essay

System Design contains Logical Designing & Physical Designing. Logical designing describes the structure & characteristics or features, like output, input, files, database & procedures. The physical design which follows the logical design, actual software & a working system. There will be constraints like Hardware, Software, Cost, and Time & Interfaces, While Structured design is a data flow methodology. The graphical representation of data flow, communication & defining the modules & their relationship with each is known as Structure Chart. This method decomposes & modularizes the system so that the complexity & manageability will come down. Thus reducing the intuitive reasoning & promotes the maintainable provable systems. Barcode Reader is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain decoder circuitry analyzing the barcode’s image data provided by the sensor and sending the barcode’s content to the scanner’s output port. Computers are fast becoming our way of life and one cannot imagine life without computers in today’s world. Go to a library or go to a bank, computers at all places. Since computers are used in every possible field today, it becomes an important issue to understand and build these computerized systems in an effective way. The goal is to work smarter, get real value from efforts, increase efficiency, and save time. Today, more organizations are turning on to computer based information system to help them deal to the problem that they encountered in the company. These impacts most of the levels in organization because of the large amount of data that is accumulated. And the manual way of maintaining a data is not enough to store a data or information. There will be unavailability for future use, since data might get misplaced during manual filing. So data won’t be preserved properly for future use. And since everything and every details is written down manually in paper there will be too much paper works. Many application and software system are being created to meet the needs and satisfaction of the company. One of the systems is Management Information System and many others. And so, this study would like to contribute in the field of Information Technology by proposing an automated library system using a barcode Reader for Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s library system. SCPS is a catholic school and a parish Church in Barangay Maly, San Mateo, Rizal. The library system they use up to now involves manual transaction and process without any help from computers that result for a long time consumption. With these problem stated above, the proponent came up with an automated library system using barcode reader. This will help eliminate the need for manual entry of data and for faster processing of transaction in the library. It is proven to be very efficient in inventory, tracking, and faster procedure. Background of the Study  Sta. Cecilia Parochial School, as a Catholic Institution, is a part of the state and therefore has a legal character. As mandated in the manual of regulations, it is subject to DepEd rules. It operates legally as a corporation but as a private institution it possesses necessary to perform functions. Inspired by the resolution and decrees of the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines on the role of Catholic Schools in evangelization, Rev. Fr. Efren C. Villanueva, Parish Priest of then newly built Sta. Cecilia Parish, opened Sta. Cecilia Parochial School (SCPS) in June 1993. The school was named Sta. Cecilia after the church name and the donor of the land (Cecilia Amado) where the school stands. The school started with only 47 pupils distributed in Nursery, Kinder, Preparatory and Grade one levels who occupied the two-storey support parish hall. Every year, one grade level is added and this made the completion of the Elementary Department that had its first batch of graduates in 1998. Due to population increase of almost a hundred each year, Fr. Efren decided to put up an initial two-storey building with eight classrooms in December 1994. This was made possible through a loan courtesy of sister banks namely: Rural Bank of San Mateo and Valley Rural Bank of Marikina. The same director added one-storey building into three-storey in 1997. An extension three-storey building was being built when Fr. Efren was transferred to another MAPSA school in the diocese of Antipolo in September 15, 1997. He was replaced by Rev. Fr. Joselito R. Rocero. In 1998, SCPS opened its Secondary Department and started to accept freshmen students only until the secondary level was completed. In 2002, SCPS had its first batch of High School graduates. With the leadership of Fr. Lito, the school continues to develop in all its areas. A two-storey building was constructed at the extreme right of the main building where the school canteen, Administrator’s office, HRDO, Faculty Room and Audio Visual Room were housed. Air-conditioned units were installed in Pre-school rooms and offices. Computer laboratory and stage were constructed. Cementing of the ground, school window grills installation and construction of covered path walk are also some of his projects through the support of the P. T. A. On Februrary 15, 2004, Fr. Lito was confined due to heart ailment and on March 2004he underwent a by-pass operation. In his absence of six months, he was relieved by Rev. Fr. Romarico V. Hilario. Fr. Rico strengthened the marketing strategies of the school thru billboards and streamers made of tarpaulin. He initiated the repainting of the new building. He launched successfully a clean and green program in the school, and created the school MOTTO: â€Å"Our commitment, Your Future† which compliments the Vision and Mission of the school. Fr. Lito resumed to service in SCPS on Oct. 2006. He was transferred to Our Lady of Nativity Parochial School on October 23, 2006 and was repleaced on the same day by Rev. Fr. Roy B. Crucero, the former school director of St. Michael Parochial School in Jala-jala, Rizal. He was assigned as Parish Priest and SCPS Director on Novevember 22, 2006. Being a young energetic and very decisive director, Fr. Roy introduced changes in the varied systems of different departments of SCPS. He initiated the first strategic planning session of the school at Our Lady of Peace Retreat House, Antipolo City on May 2007. It was participated by 17 SCPS personnel and was facilitated by the able Finance Officer of Cainta Catholic College, Mr. Reldino R. Aquino. The previous Vision-Mission Statement underwent revision to respond to the needs of the Cecilian community. Through effective processing, a draft of the new vision-mission statement was then finally structured, which hopefully, will give direction to SCPS in the entirety of its operation. Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s library system is currently using card catalogs, to search for the books. Students manually borrow and return books by signing in the log book. This log book doesn’t have a proper security because anyone can access to tamper it. In signing in the log book the borrower consumes more time and effort just to sign up all information that is needed. In searching for the books, the borrower will go to the book shelves that are labeled by the category of the books and look for the book one by one. After that, the borrower will go back to the school librarian to give his/her library card so that the librarian could write the book that will be borrowed and set a policy. The card catalogs that the librarian is using are not yet completed. In some cases, the primary number of books was already made to the other book and also put to another book, so it creates confusion to the librarian. Mission and Vision Mission Statement As a living witness of the Gospel, Sta. Cecilia Parochial School envisions to harmonize Science and Religion that value life and culture who promotes faith, hope, justice and unconditional love. Vision Statement Inspired by the virtues of St. Cecilia we will strive to: †¢ Provide quality education with spirituality at the core of the curriculum †¢ Build responsible Catholic Christian community by imbibing love and service for others. †¢ Preserve the integrity of creation and total human development. Organizational Chart Rev. Fr. Roy B. Crucero School Director Mrs. Linda V. Pertudo Principal Rev. Fr. Arnel H. Hosena OSJ Bro. Arthuro G. Canizo, OSJ Spiritual Director School Treasurer Ms. Aurea A. Gupit Academic Coordinator Mrs. Fe Doralita C. Ergina Mrs. Higinia L. Briones Guidance Counselor Registrar Mrs. Juilet Andales Mrs. Corazon Otawa Mrs. Arlene L Vergara Librarian Science Coordinator English Coordinator Faculty Advisers – Elementary Department Faculty Advisers – High School Department Non – Advisers Support Staff General Sevices Figure 1. 1 Organizational Chart of SCPS (Administration and Staff) Faculty Advisers – Elementary Department Mrs. Rosana T. Saplor Ms. Catherene R. Azucena Prep/ Kinder I – Faith Mrs. Juvy M. Balute Ms. Jacquelyn T. Purino I – Hope II – Wisdon Ms. Marie B. Caliguiran Ms. Rea P. Mercado II – Knowledge III – Humility Mrs. Angelina C. Lamis Ms. Roselie P. Forro III – Piety IV – Honesty Mrs. Anna D. Trijo Ms. Ludelyn V. Marquez IV – Courtesy V – Generosity Mr. Jose D. C. Otawa Mrs. Jonavie S. Rosales V – Loyalty VI – Chastity Ms. Vivian C. Bilela Ms. Monaliza B. Caliguiran VI – Obedience Teacher – Aide Figure 1. 2 Organizational Chart of SCPS (Faculties – Elementary Department) Faculty Advisers – High School Department Mrs. Agnes P. Ty Mrs. Liwanag C. De Villa I – St. Jude / Filipino I I – St. Dominic / TLEI Mrs. Dariae R. Batacan Ms. Annabelle P. Pastolero I – St. Martin / Science I I – St. Blaise / English I Mr. Arnold Dominic D. Ty Mr. Jesus D. Gonzales I – St. Jude / Social Studies I & III I – St. Michael / MAPEH I & II Mrs. Eva M. Ebora Mr. Eduardo A. Almazar II – St. Mary / Math II II – St. Elizabeth / Social Studies I & II Mrs. Marilyn. DV. Catillon Ms. Elena B. Dagnalan II – St. Anne / Science Technology II II – St. Bernadette / Religion I & II Mr. Osmond B. Baylen Mrs. Imelda H. Hernandez II – St. Therese / English III – St. Mathew / Sci-Tech. III Mrs. Emila B. Ergina Mrs. Myrna A. Velasco III – St. Mark / Filipino III & IV III – St. Luke / Religion I & II Ms. Melanie O. Espejo Mrs. Leilani G. Flormata III – St. John The Evangelist / Math III III – St. Thomas / TLE II & III Mrs. Ofelia M. Abarado Ms. Tina H. Tan IV – St. Joseph / Math IV IV – St. John B / Social Studies I & IV Mrs. Richelle M. Baylen Mrs Marivi V. Agcalis IV – St. Peter / Filipino II & IV IV – St. Clement/English IV & Speech Mr. Miguel A. Litan IV – St. Paul / Math I & Sci-Tech. IV Figure 1. 3 Organizational Chart of SCPS (Faculties – High School Department) Non – Advisers Ms. Blesilda V. Bolanos Mrs. Hera M. Domingo Sci – Tech. II School Nurse Sports Coordinator / MAPEH I & III Mr. Rolphy M. Libelo Mrs. Belen U. Perez Computer Teacher Math I & III Mrs. Evelyn R. Raymundo Ms. Jennifer D. Bragas TLE II English III / Enlish Club Mr. Sozimo M. Rosales Religion I & IV Figure 1. 4 Organizational Chart of SCPS (Non – Advisers) Support Staff Ms. Milagros C. Pudadera Ms. Ivy C. Yanga Cashier Assistant to the Cashier Dr. John D. Magat, M. D. Dr. Felicidad V. Delos Reyes School Doctor School Dentist Figure 1. 5 Organizational Chart of SCPS (Support Staff) General Services Mr. Roger F. Apin Mr. Jomar Otico General Service General Service Mr. Elmer Sitar Mr. Glen Villagracia General Service General Service Mr. Ariel Bunda Ms. Aida C, Pescasio General Service General Service Mr. Arvin Poral Mr. David Ramilo General Service General Service Renante L. Matan Jose N. Montevirgen Security Guard Security Guard Figure 1. 6 Organizational Chart of SCPS (General Services) Statement of the Problem The current library system are done manually by the librarian and borrowers in terms of borrowing, lending of books, making a daily, weekly, and monthly reports. With this kind of manual system, the transaction and activity in the library takes more time and sometimes a delay that causes some problems for the student like being late in their classes. The proponent comes up a six statement of the problem that is gathered from the interview about the library system of SCPS. 1. The current system cannot provide a security for authorized users, thus, tampering of data and information is possible. 2. The library system of the school cannot monitor properly & efficiently the borrowing and returning of books which results to unorganized procedure of transaction. 3. The existing system does not have the capability of monitoring the availability of books and other materials in the library. 4. The searching of books from the library requires a lot of time in order to check for the availability of the book. 5. The current system cannot provide an accurate & timely reports needed by the librarian in terms of information gathering. 6. The library system does not have any help from computer devices which make the procedure and transactions consume more time. Objectives of the Study This study aim to provide an automated library system for SCPS that will make the transaction in the library faster and more efficient. The time problem for borrowing and returning of the book will reduced, and the problem that are state above will be terminated or lessen. This library system will implement a unique username and password for the librarian to prevent the database and records from unauthorized access, thus making the librarian and borrowers lessen their effort in finding books in the library. 1. To develop a library system that has a strong security system that keeps the important records and information in the database from unauthorized access. This will provide a library card, unique username and password having a database for accessing the books so that will avoid the tampering of data and records. The librarian is the administrator of the proposed system and only the librarian has the access to open the administrator account which will provide the retrieving of records and information 2. To make easier to borrow a books, the students and faculty members are required present a library card to the librarian. The borrowed books will be record from the database of the system. In returning a book the librarian will check the library card to see the records of the borrower. And check the borrowed book if damaged or overdue to its policy, if damaged, the librarian will give the penalty fee, After the checking of records and returning of books the borrowers library card will be cleared and the transaction will be saved in the database. 3. The proposed system will record all transaction that happened every day in the library, in that way the system can monitor the availability of the books and other materials in the library. The proposed system will provide a library control over the quantity of books on hand, provided with actual book number allowing accurate valuation of books on hand. 4. The proposed system will required the borrower to present a library card to the librarian. Then they can search a book using search button that will require inputting a title of the book, category and author name. There is a library map which the books are located provided by the search button, it will directly point the shelves were the book is located. In that case the process of searching for a book will reduce. 5. The proposed system will have a database which all the transaction and information will be stored every time to have an accurate report, so that the librarian can easily print it out from the database anytime is needed. Only the registered accounts will record in the database for reports, in this case any transaction must be done always by logging-in in the system. 6. The proposed system will implement a Local Area Network so borrowers and librarian can communicate with each other and transfer data between workstations very easily. All the data from the borrower’s computer will be sent in the database of librarian’s computer. LAN base is needed in order to work precisely the proposed system because it requires a communication and connection between the server and borrowers account. Scope and Limitation The main scope of this study will focus only on Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s library system, when implemented it will improve the transaction process in Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s library system to make it more effective and accurate for storing and retrieving a information of a book as well as the borrowers. This study will help the library system of Sta. Cecilia Parochial School to have an automated library system in their school. This study is not responsible in computing the new books that are going to buy. Transaction payment of any book damaged, lost and unreturned books are not scope of these study. The proposed system will help the school and the librarian to transact easily, minimize the paper on the library, gives more security both to the students and for the school. The system is designed to store a large amount of data about book and search these books by title, author, and at the same time it can make a registration of account for a new user of the Automated Library System. The Security of the system will be strong to keep the important data of the system from unauthorized access; the librarian will be the server at the same time the administrator of the proposed library system. Only the librarian has the access to open the administrator account. If the librarian forgot the password, the librarian is provided for retrieving the password in the proposed system. Registration of accounts will be implemented and stored in the proposed database. Only the registered user can access to borrow the books to bring outside the library, a borrower must have an account before accessing to the system. Every user will have a unique registered name. Borrowing and returning of books are accurately monitored by the proposed system. Books that are damaged, borrowed and overdue will be recorded to the borrowers account. Only registered user has the privilege to borrow a book in the proposed library system. Borrowed book can only return by the user who borrowed the book. Daily, weekly and monthly reports will be generated by the proposed system. Registered users are the only people can send reports in the proposed system. Merit information like new students’ library records and list of students, system error will be reported early. The Maintenance of the proposed system will be updated in every new user, newly acquired books as well as the update of the barcode reader when there is malfunction that may be encountered. Authorized people will be the only people can practice the maintenance especially in manipulating the merit data. Help module will be generated by the proposed system to be able for the borrower to easily use the system. A back-end will be installed in the computer together with the proposed system that will enter the record by the Librarian. The system will have a LAN based system for book search to allow students to browse an available book as well as to have a communication from librarian’s computer up to the borrower’s computer. A back-up copy of the data base will be set up by using a separate storage device in case of data loss. The limitation of the proposed system is that the system will not have a module that will compute for the penalty fees when the books are overdue, damaged and lost of a book. The due date of the book is depend on what the librarian and the borrower negotiated. Three days is the maximum days in borrowing a book. Only three book can be borrow in every borrower . Natural circumstances that will occur like computer break down and unexpected errors in hardware of the computer are inevitable with these problems. CHAPTER II SYSTEM DESIGN Description of the Existing System The library of Sta. Cecilia Parochial School is currently using a manual procedure on the library current system. When the first day of classes start, students register at the library to have an access and to use its facilities. The student presents an identification card to the librarian and the librarian will give a registration form to the student, the student must fill up the form and present it to the librarian and the librarian will process the registration in the librarian record book. Every student who will register at the library must have a 2 pieces of 1Ãâ€"1 pictures that will be attached to the library card after the librarian processed the registration. After the registration processed the student can start using the library and the student will have the privilege to borrow the book in the library. The librarian will keep the registration forms and records of the library filling cabinet. In borrowing books in Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s library, the borrower must have a library card. In every transaction inside the library the borrower must present the library card specially when borrowing the book and take it outside the library. The librarian will keep the library card until the borrower returns the book from the date it will be returned. A maximum of three books are the only allowed to be borrowed and it is only for three days. When a borrower will return a book in the library, the librarian will check the library card of the borrower and the date of the book is borrowed, and the librarian will check if it is overdue, the librarian will sign the library card before giving it back to the borrower. If the book is overdue the librarian will give a penalty slip, the borrower must pay first to the treasury department before to obtain his library card. The receipt will be given by the cashier after the payment is done. The borrower will present the receipt to the cashier to claim his library card and the librarian will check the receipt if it is a validated receipt, after checking the receipt, the librarian will sign the library card of the borrower and it to the borrower. All books that are overdue will charge five pesos each book per day starting from the date the books are overdue. The acquisition of books is done when new books are supplied and delivered by the Department of Education. All newly acquired books will record by the librarian in the library catalogue and placed it in the shelves. The record of the books are filled and kept in the library’s filing cabinet. The inventory of the book always done in every month, then librarian will make a report of the list and number of the books available in the library. Furthermore borrowed book, overdue and lost or unusable book will also include in library inventory. All reports will be given to the accounting department which is then processed for verification and for the accounting department own inventory records. Narrative Description of the Existing System Registration 1. The students will present their school identification card to the librarian. 2. The librarian will give a policy form that the student will have to agree and sign a signature. 3. The librarian will provide a registration form to the student. 4. The student will fill up the registration form and give it to the librarian. 5. The librarian will provide a library card for the student and write their basic personal information. Borrowing of Books 6. The student must sign in the log book upon entering the library. 7. The student presents the library card and the book to the librarian. 8. The librarian will sign the library card and set a policy of duration of time and records it to a log book. 9. The librarian will take the library card of the borrower until the book is returned. Returning of Books 10. The student must sign in the log book upon entering the library. 11. The student will return the book to the librarian and the librarian will check the records of the borrower in the filing cabinet if returned book are overdue or damaged. 12. The librarian will provide a pay slip to the student if the book is damaged or overdue and pay at the treasury department. 13. The student must show the receipt of payment to the librarian for verification. 14. The librarian will return the library card to the student if there is no problem, and then the librarian will return the borrowed books from the book shelves. Searching of Books 15. The student must sign in the log book upon entering the library. 17. The borrower will search the book in the book shelves one by one using card catalog. Reports 18. The librarian checks the records from the filing cabinet and transfers it one by one in the report paper. 19. The librarian checks the book shelves every month one by one if there are missing books. 20. The librarian will provide a report base from the record of transaction that is process in that day. 21. The librarian will submit all the report to the accounting department for record purpose. Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System Figure 2. 1 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System Figure 2. 2 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System (Registration) Figure 2. 3 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System (Borrowing of books) Yes No A Figure 2. 4 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System (Returning of Books) Figure 2. 5 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System (Searching of Book) Figure 2. 6 Procedural Flowchart of the Existing System (Reports) Analysis of the Existing System Therefore the proponent concludes that the proposed system will help the current library system of Sta. Cecilia Parochial School. For its manual use of library system which uses a catalogue card to search a specific book and a log book for the records of the borrowers name as well as the borrowed book. The librarian is facing some problems regarding to their existing library system regarding in their manual transaction. We noticed that the security of merit data of the existing system of Sta. Cecilia Parochial School too slow because of manual recording of borrower’s name and borrowed book. The librarian has difficulties in compiling the data in the filing cabinet because it can store limited number of data and it takes amount of space in the library where the records are being stored which should be used as space for the bookshelves. The Sta. Cecilia Parochial School’s existing system has also a difficulty in finding the borrower’s record especially when it is too precedent and sometimes not recalled by the librarian which can cause to missing books. With this kind of system there are so much time been use up that could be use in arranging things in the library and space for the other bookshelves that could be use for the upcoming books and for the books that should be arrange in order where they can be easily to find. Description of the Proposed System The proposed system will replace the existing into a more effective, accurate and less time process of transaction handling. Integration and computerization of the library’s existing system will be implemented in the library using a barcode that will enhance and shorten the process and transaction in the library. The registration process of the proposed system will require a school identification card and other personal information of a student or faculty member, they will sign up in the registration form of the proposed system, the registration form will require the borrower to have a unique name that is not yet included in the database, this information will directly saved in the database of the proposed system. After the registration, the librarian will print a library card containing the library card number and some information about the student or faculty. The borrowing of book will require a library card and the book number. The librarian will encode it in to the proposed system’s database and records the time and date of book are borrowed and the librarian will keep the library card until the borrower returns the book from the date it will be returned. When a student return a book the librarian will check the library card and verify it in the system and will clear the account of the borrower. If book the book is overdue to the policy that given the borrower have to pay first in the treasury department before his/her account will be cleared. In searching for a book, the system will provide a search button and the borrower will input the book title, author, or book number. The system will provide a map of the library that will locate the location of the book. The inventory and reports will provide by the proposed system’s database, the librarian will just print it out, and gathering of data will be an easy task. Narrative Description of Proposed System Registration 1. The student presents a library card to verify his/her identity. 2. The student must fill-up the registration form containing his/her personal information. 3. The student must agree to the terms and condition of the librarian. Search 4. The student or the faculty must present his/her library card to the librarian. 5. The student will use the search button in order to search a books.. 6. The student will type the author of the book or the title or the primary key of the book he/she wants to search. Borrowing of books 7. The student or the faculty must present his/her library card to the librarian. 8. The librarian must confirm the identity of the student or the faculty. 9. The librarian must punch the book the student will borrow by the Barcode Reader and sends the data to the database. 10. The student or the faculty must have a agreement when he/she will return the book. Returning of books 11. The student must present his/her library card. 12. The librarian must punch the book with the use of the barcode reader to check in the database if the book is over due in returning the book. 13. The librarian must check if the book has been damaged. 14. The librarian must confirm it to the database. Reports  15. The librarian must login first to his/her administrator account. 16. The librarian must compile what he/she wants to have a report. 17. The database will get all the data the librarian needed. 18. The computer will provide an output. Help 19. The student or librarian will choose a module from the proposed system 21. The proposed system will display the description for each module. 22. The proposed system will display the use and purpose of each module. Procedural Flowchart of Proposed System Start A A Input Username and Password Verifying Username and Password End ForgotYes Answer your secret. Password question B No Verify your answer Database Select One Registration C Search D A Figure 3. 1 Procedural Flow Chart of the Proposed System Registration C Input your personal information, . saving your personal information, and your student number. Database B Figure 3. 2 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Search D Input title of the book, author, or the Primary number of the book. Finding the book, which shelf are they located, and availability Database B Figure 3. 3 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Borrowing of books E Present your Library card Confirming your library card Database. Checking the book information Using barcode reader. Database Proof that he/she lends book. B Figure 3. 4 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Returning of books F Checking the books; Damages, due time, using barcode reader. Damaged, YesInputting in the Over Duedatabase by the Database Librarian. I No Cashiers office Confirming that the book has been returned. Paying the penalty B Confirming by the DatabaseLibrarian I Figure 3. 5 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Reports G Compiling & printing: -missing books -number of books Database -borrowed books -damaged books Print-out. B Figure 3. 6 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Help H Manual regarding the software. Type the keywords Searching keywords B Figure 3. 7 Procedural Flowchart of the Proposed System Context Diagram of Proposed System Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System Security Module D1 Library System Database Exploded 1. 1 Forgot Password D1 Library System Database Borrowing of books D1 Library System Database Returning of books D1 Library System Database Searching of books D1 Library System Database Reports D1 Library System Database Help D1 Library System Database Maintenance D1Libr.

5 Essays - Accounting, Education, Corporate Finance, Balance Sheet

5 Essays - Accounting, Education, Corporate Finance, Balance Sheet 5 2. Our college I study at Zboriv College. Our college prepares specialists in such majors as: a computer programmer, a manager, a bookkeeper, a mechanic. We also have a department of vocational training. Such profession as welders, builders, computer operators, drivers are prepared here. Our college originated from a vocational school, then it was a technical school and in 1997 the technical school was restructured and named a college. The college teaching combine lectures, practical classes, seminars and self-directed study. There are one academic building and two workshops. The students coming from villages are provided with hostels accommodation with all the facilities necessary for normal study and life. The sport ground is closely to both the academic building and the hostel. The students can take part in different activities. The students may enroll in day-time or extramural department. 3. The fundamental accounting equation. Imagine that you don't owe anybody any money. That is, you don't have any liabilities. Then assets you have are equal to what you own (equity). Translated into business terms, you have a fundamental accounting equation. If firm has no debt , then: Assets=Owners' equity This means that the owners of a firm own everything. If a firm has debts: Assets-Liabilities=Owners' equity If you add an equal amount to both sides of the equation, you get new formula: Assets=Liabilities+ Owners' equity This formula is the basic for the balance sheet. 6 2. Economy Human wants are unlimited, but the resources necessary to satisfy those wants are limited. Thus, every society is faced with identical problem, the problem of scarcity . We can define economics as social science that describes and analyzes choices from among scarce resources to satisfy its wants. The study of economics will help you to live a fuller life . Economic forces affect decisions in the world of business. The development of modern economics began in the 17 th century. Economists have two ways of looking: macroeconomics and micro . The resources that do into the creation of goods and services are called the factors of production . They include: natural resources, human r-s, capital r-s and entrepreneurship. The price paid for the use of land is called rent . The price paid for the use of labor is called wages . Payment for the use of someone else's money or capital is called interest . The way in which a society goes about answer ing fundamental economic question is known as economic system. Economic systems may be classified as traditional, command or market system 3.Own business. I want to be an owner of some company in the future. A study at college and my speciality is accounting. I have some basic knowledge of economy, bookkeeping, analyzes and finance. I think it will help me in the future. Sometimes firm can be a lender if it has enough money. But don't forget to pay money to suppliers for products and raise salaries of workers. Also we can loan money to others firms. But we must be sure that we'll get money back. We have to prepare annual reports, which contain the information about financial condition and progress of our firm. The situation in the external market often changes so our profit can be not satisfactory. But new interesting ideas afford to solve this problem. 2 2. Education in Britain In Great Britain education is compulsory all children from 5 to 16 years of age. Most children start their educational in Infant School which is the first stage of Primary Educational. From 7 to 11 they attend Junior School -the second stage of Primary school. In Primary School children are taught reading, writing, arithmetic, elementary science At the age of 11 children transfer the Comprehensive Schools. These schools give general education. They also provide some vocational courses. Before the 1960s there were two main kinds of state schools in Britain: "grammar" schools and "secondary modern" schools. The grammar schools were for the most intelligent children and the secondary modern schools were for the less intelligent children. There are about 500 private schools in Britain. It's about 6% of the school population. At the age of 16 all children take the school-leaving examination and get a certificate

Turkey (Meleagris gallapavo) History

Turkey (Meleagris gallapavo) History The turkey (Meleagris gallapavo) was inarguably domesticated in the North American continent, but its specific origins are somewhat problematic. Archaeological specimens of wild turkey have been found in North America that date to the Pleistocene, and turkeys were emblematic of many indigenous groups in North America as seen at sites such as the Mississippian capital of Etowah (Itaba) in Georgia. But the earliest signs of domesticated turkeys found to date appear in Maya sites such as Cob beginning about 100 BCE–100 CE. All modern turkeys are descended from M. gallapavo, the wild turkey having been exported from the Americas to Europe during the 16th century. Turkey Species The wild turkey (M. gallopavo) is indigenous to much of the eastern and southwestern US, northern Mexico, and southeastern Canada. Six subspecies are recognized by biologists: eastern (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris), Florida (M. g. osceola), Rio Grande (M.g. intermedia), Merriams (M.g. merriami), Goulds (M.g. mexicana), and southern Mexican (M.g. gallopavo). The differences among them are primarily the habitat in which the turkey is found, but there are minor differences in body size and plumage coloration. Oscellated Turkey (Agriocharis ocellata or Meleagris ocellata). Corbis Documentary / Getty Images The ocellated turkey (Agriocharis ocellata or Meleagris ocellata) is considerably different in size and coloration and thought by some researchers to be a completely separate species. The ocellated turkey has iridescent bronze, green, and blue body feathers, deep red legs, and bright blue heads and necks covered with large orange and red nodules. It is native to the Yucatn peninsula of Mexico and into northern Belize and Guatemala- in a completely different range than wild turkeys- and is today often found wandering in Maya ruins such as Tikal. The ocellated turkey is more resistant to domestication but was among the turkeys kept in pens by the Aztecs as described by the Spanish. Before the Spanish arrived, both wild and ocellated turkeys were brought into co-existence in the Maya region by the extensive trade network.   Turkeys were used by precolumbian North American societies for a number of things: meat and eggs for food, and feathers for decorative objects and clothing. The hollow long bones of turkeys were also adapted for use as musical instruments and bone tools. Hunting wild turkeys could furnish these things as well as domesticated ones, and scholars are attempting to pinpoint the domestication period as when the nice to have became need to have. Turkey Domestication At the time of the Spanish colonization, there were domesticated turkeys both in Mexico among the Aztecs, and in the Ancestral Pueblo Societies (Anasazi) of the southwestern United States. Evidence suggests that the turkeys from the U.S. southwest were imported from Mexico about 300 CE, and perhaps re-domesticated in the southwest about 1100 CE when turkey husbandry intensified. Wild turkeys were found by the European colonists throughout the eastern woodlands. Variations in coloration were noted in the 16th century, and many turkeys were brought back to Europe for their plumage and meat. Archaeological evidence for turkey domestication accepted by scholars includes the presence of turkeys outside of their original habitats, evidence for the construction of pens, and whole turkey burials. Studies of the bones of turkeys found in archaeological sites can also provide evidence. The demography of a turkey bone assemblage, whether the bones include old, juvenile, male, and female turkeys and in what proportion, is key to understanding what a turkey flock might have looked like. Turkey bones with healed long bone fractures and the presence of quantities of eggshell also indicate that turkeys were kept at a site, rather than hunted and consumed. Chemical analyses have been added to the traditional methods of study: stable isotope analysis of both turkey and human bones from a site can assist in identifying the diets of both. Patterned calcium absorption in eggshell has been used to identify when the broken shell came from hatched birds or from raw egg consumption. Turkey Pens: What Does Domestication Mean? Pens to keep turkeys have been identified at Ancestral Pueblo Society Basketmaker sites in Utah, such as Cedar Mesa, an archaeological site which was occupied between 100 BCE and 200 CE (Cooper and colleagues 2016). Such evidence has been used in the past to implicate the domestication of the animals- certainly, such evidence has been used to identify larger mammals such as horses and reindeer. Turkey coprolites indicate that the turkeys at Cedar Mesa were fed maize, but there are few if any cut marks on turkey skeletal material and turkey bones are often found as complete animals. A recent study (Lipe and colleagues 2016) looked at multiple strands of evidence for tending, care, and diet of birds in the US southwest. Their evidence suggests that although a mutual relationship was begun as early as Basketmaker II (about 1 CE), the birds were likely used solely for feathers and not fully domesticated. It wasnt until the Pueblo II period (ca. 1050–1280 CE) that turkeys became an important food source. Trade These ocellated turkeys (Agriocharis ocellata) dont seem very interested in the Maya ruins at Tikal, Guatemala. Christian Kober / robertharding / Getty Images A possible explanation for the presence of turkeys in Basketmaker sites is the long-distance trade system, that captive turkeys were kept within their original habitats in Mesoamerican communities for feathers and may have been traded up into the United States southwest and Mexican northwest, as has been identified for macaws, albeit much later. It is also possible that the Basketmakers decided to keep wild turkeys for their feathers independent of whatever was going on in Mesoamerica. As with many other animal and plant species, domesticating the turkey was a long, drawn-out process, beginning very gradually. Full domestication might have been completed in the US southwest/Mexican northwest only after turkeys became a food source, rather than simply a feather source. Sources Cooper, C., et al. Short-Term Variability of Human Diet at Basketmaker Ii Turkey Pen Ruins, Utah: Insights from Bulk and Single Amino Acid Isotope Analysis of Ha. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 5 (2016): 10-18. Print.Lipe, William D., et al. Cultural and Genetic Contexts for Early Turkey Domestication in the Northern Southwest. American Antiquity 81.1 (2016): 97-113. Print.Sharpe, Ashley E., et al. Earliest Isotopic Evidence in the Maya Region for Animal Management and Long-Distance Trade at the Site of Ceibal, Guatemala. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115.14 (2018): 3605-10. Print.Speller, Camilla F., et al. Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Analysis Reveals Complexity of Indigenous North American Turkey Domestication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107.7 (2010): 2807-12. Print.Thornton, Erin, Kitty F. Emery, and Camilla Speller. Ancient Maya Turkey Husbandry: Testing Theories through Stable Isotope Analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science: R eports 10 (2016): 584-95. Print. Thornton, Erin Kennedy. Introduction to the Special Issue - Turkey Husbandry and Domestication: Recent Scientific Advances. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 10 (2016): 514-19. Print.Thornton, Erin Kennedy, and Kitty F. Emery. The Uncertain Origins of Mesoamerican Turkey Domestication. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 24.2 (2015): 328-51. Print.

Appreciation and Support of Others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Appreciation and Support of Others - Essay Example My initial feelings were that the children like to interact with visitors that they consider their races. I also thought that all the children professed to Christianity since that was a Christian-dominated area. It happened to be the wrong impression since the orphanage welcomed and appreciated any cultural practice. Social interactions normally bring people together to share their skills and ideas with others. For instance, sports enhances social interactions between individuals from distant places, who observe diverge religious and cultural values. It was my pleasure to take part in this charity event and I regard others as my brothers and sisters. This is because my friends are always there to support and help me whenever I face problems. My feelings changed because the children challenged the volunteers that they love and appreciate everybody. The Muslim child also attended Christian masses and understand the Bible teachings. I was impressed to interact and learn new things from the young children, who did not have any negative feelings against each other. This experience also taught me the significance of respecting other people’s opinions and values. Learning to accommodate different views is a way of showing respect and concern to other people in that environment. People should learn to love and show support to others without the perception of race, religion or social status. The founder of the orphanage home was an African-American, who did not discriminate against any child from other backgrounds.